Punctuation (Period, Comma, Exclamation Point, Question Mark and Apostrophe)

Punctuation

Punctuation marks are signs such as periods, commas and question marks. You use them in sentences to make the meaning clear.

Period

You put a period at the end of a sentence.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

• Albert is my good friend. 
• Please don’t be late. 
• The bird is sitting on a branch. 
• It’s snowing heavily today. 
• There’s a rainbow in the sky. 
• This big house belongs to a rich man.
•  I can swim. 
• Ethan is good at drawing. 
• They all enjoyed playing baseball.

Comma

Use a comma between nouns and noun phrases in  a list.

• I bought two apples, three oranges and some grapes. 
• He enjoys tennis, badminton, skating and football. 
• At school we study English, math, science, history and geography.

Use commas between adjectives when you use several of them to describe something.

• A giraffe is a tall, long-necked, long-legged animal. 
• He is a tall, handsome, smart and ambitious young man. 

Use a comma after yes and no, and before please in sentences. You also use a comma before or after the name of the person you are speaking to.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1 

• No, it has stopped. 
• Good morning, sir! 
• Can you tell me what time it is, please? 
• Yes, it’s a quarter past three, George. 

Commas are used to show where there is a brief pause.

• Unfortunately, she injured her knee skiing. 
• He was in the bedroom, listening to music on the radio.

Exclamation Point

An exclamation point is often used after a command,  an interjection, or a word that shows surprise or anger.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

Question Mark

Use a question mark after a question.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

Apostrophe

Use an apostrophe with an s (’s) to show who owns something. The ’s is added after singular nouns or names.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

• We all like Mom’s cooking. 
• Amanda clears everybody’s plates after dinner. 
• John’s dog is very friendly. 
• All the pupils have a month’s vacation in June. 
• I spent the evening at David’s playing video games.
•  I took a ride in Tom’s car. 
• Father is holding Susie’s hand. 
• Jane is wearing her mother’s shoes. 
• We’re going to our aunt’s house. 
• There is a bird’s nest in that tree. 
• Our dog’s collar is brown. 
• Is this Portland’s tallest building

* Follow the same rule when a name or a singular noun ends in -s. Write an apostrophe first and then add another s.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

* For plural nouns that end in -s, put the apostrophe after the -s.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

* Some plural nouns do not end in -s. Just add ’s to   these plural nouns.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

* You can also refer to a person’s office or shop by using a possessive form with an apostrophe. For example:

• I’ll buy some bread at the baker’s.  
• I was reading a book at the dentist’s.  
• It’s time you went to the barber’s.  

* You can also refer to your friends’ homes  in the same way:

• I’m going next door to Peter’s.  
• I stayed the night at Susan’s. 

* How do you make a possessive form of two people joined by and, such as Peter and John, or Mary and    Anne? Put ’s only after the second name. For example:

• Barbara and David's house.
• Jill and Andy's party.

* These possessive forms of names and nouns can be used without a following noun. For example:

• Which desk is Susan’s?   
• George’s is in the back row.   
• This room is my brother’s.

The apostrophe can also be used to show that one or more letters in a contraction have been left out.

• I’ve finished my math, but I haven’t finished my spelling. 
• We’ll come to your party, but Sue won’t be able to come. 
• He’s gone to the library. 
• Dad wasn’t at home and the children weren’t at home either. 
• I don’t like potatoes and Susan doesn’t like tomatoes. 
• I didn’t watch which way I was going and I can’t find my way home. 
• We’re late because we couldn’t find your house. 
• Mom’s finished her shopping but she hasn’t gone through the checkout line yet.

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

* The words has and is are often shortened to ’s after a noun or proper noun. For example:

• The mail has arrived.  
• The mail’s arrived.  

• Sally is here.  
• Sally’s here.

Exercise 1

Write the punctuation marks from the box to  complete the following sentences:

Retrieved from: Basic English Grammar - Book 1

1. He hates cheese
2. Who is your teacher
3. Stop that man
4. Keep quiet
5. Good morning madam
6. George are you okay
7. Peter David and Susan are playing hide and seek
8. Mom bought meat fish and vegetables at the supermarket
9. What is the time now
10. Anne is a pretty girl

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences by writing the apostrophe (‘) in the correct place:

1. This is Peters bike.
2. Paul cant find his shoes.
3. Miss Lee is marking the pupils papers.
4. They are all on the childrens playground.
5. Dont make so much noise!
6. Doctors take care of peoples health.
7. Theyre having a game of tennis.
8. Jack doesnt look well.